|
Biology Encyclopedia |
Project Linnaeus Terms, Abbreviations, and Symbols
| Terms |
| incertae sedis |
taxon of questionable phylogenetic position or validity |
| nomen dubium |
taxon of questionable validity
(poor quality specimen or lost) |
| nomen nudum |
taxon based on inadequate description. |
| sedis mutabilis |
taxon
has varying position in different phylogenetic analysis, taxon has
no fixed position in any trees. |
| sensu |
"according to" |
| sensu lato |
in loose sense |
| sensu stricto |
in strict sense |
|
sensu traditionalis |
in sense as commonly understood |
| Abbreviations |
| sp. |
An ambiguous labeling of an
unidentified species, as in Agromyza sp., which refers to an
organism that belongs within the genus Agromyza, but its
specific species name is unknown, undetermined, or irrelevant. |
| spp. |
plural of sp. |
|
Geological Time |
| mya |
million years ago |
| U. |
Upper (Late) |
| M. |
Middle |
| L. |
Lower (Early) |
| R. |
recent (usually historic) |
| Hol. |
Holocene (non-historic) |
| Pleis. |
Pleistocene |
| Plio. |
Pliocene |
| Mio. |
Miocene |
| Olig. |
Oligocene |
| Eoc. |
Eocene |
| Pal. |
Paleocene |
| Cret. |
Cretaceous |
| Jur. |
Jurassic |
| Trias. |
Triassic |
| Perm. |
Permian |
| Carb. |
Carboniferous |
| Penn. |
Pennsylvanian |
| Miss. |
Mississippian |
| Dev. |
Devonian |
| Sil. |
Silurian |
| Ord. |
Ordovician |
| Camb. |
Cambrian |
| Geographical |
| N. |
North |
| NE. |
Northeast |
| E. |
East |
| SE. |
Southeast |
| S. |
South |
| SW. |
Southwest |
| W. |
West |
| NW. |
Northwest |
| Eu. |
Europe |
| As. |
Asia |
| Af. |
Africa |
| Mad. |
Madagascar |
| Aust. |
Australia |
| NZ. |
New Zealand |
| Ant. |
Antarctica |
| NA. |
North America |
| SA. |
South America |
| Oc. |
Oceanic |
| At. |
Atlantic |
| Arc. |
Arctic |
| Pac. |
Pacific |
| Ind. |
Indian |
| Symbols |
|
† |
A mark after a taxon or species name
indicating that they or it are extinct. |
|
X |
Designates a hybrid with a species name, as in Larix X eurolpeis, the Dunkled Larch which is a
hybrid of garden origin as the result of matching a European Larch (L.
deciduas) and a Japanese Larch ( L. kaempferi) |
| ♀ |
female |
|
♂ |
male |
|
